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Longer reads from the core team — consensus arithmetic, fixed point, the trust graph and protocol design, written while it is being built.

All Engineering Research Guides Protocol

FeaturedEngineeringMar 3, 2026

Anatomy of the weight formula

min(TBS, cap) × min(TGW, 1) × NDM × COD looks terse until you ask why it multiplies. A walk through all four factors, their caps, and what each one is pricing.

Research7 min read

Reading the trust graph

Attestation edges are facts, not friendship. How SybilRank, temporal dispersion and the external challenge turn a pile of attestations into a weight — and where the heuristic honestly stops.

Feb 17, 2026

Guides6 min read

Fixed point without tears: Q32.32

How the core represents fractional weights with integer arithmetic only — the layout, the rounding rules, and the three operations that are easy to get wrong.

Jan 27, 2026

Protocol6 min read

A committee that turns over in ten blocks

One hundred seats, ten percent redrawn per block, quorum computed from the seats actually filled. Why partial rotation beats both a fixed committee and a full reshuffle.

Jan 13, 2026